It is virtually impossible to discuss psychological stress without describing the psychological state that accompanies it.

The dynamics of stress demonstrate the close interaction between mind and the body in human behaviour. Thus, before we discuss stress, let us first briefly take to task the mind body problem.

During our everyday conversation, we tend to use the term body for all that is concrete and tangible about ourselves -the shape of our limbs, colour of hair etc.

The term mind on the other hand refers to the intangible part of our experience -the private storehouse of our emotions and thoughts. Thus, in our every day life, we tend to use these two terms as though they refer to entirely separate entities, which exist independent of each other. This is not the case though...they are interrelated & highly inseparable!

Eg. When we are feeling stressed, we tend to exhibit both physical and psychological symptoms.

Depression can cause tension in muscles which in turn can lead to a sore back or headache.

A foundation certificate, aimed at people working or looking to work in care or health care services. This course is internationally accredited through I.A.R.C

 

Course Code	VPS005
Fee Code	CT
Number of Modules	6
Duration (approx)	600 hours

The Certificate comprises of 6 modules

Module 1.  Introduction to Psychology
This course will help you to analyse aspects of a person's psychological state and apply derived knowledge to motivate that person. There are seven lessons in this course:
1. The Nature and Scope of Psychology
2. Neurological basis of behaviour
3. Environmental effects on behaviour
4. Consciousness and perception
5. Personality
6. Psychological development
7. Needs, drives and motivation

Module 2.  Psychology and Counselling
A course that develops your ability to analyse psychological conditions and to apply that knowledge in counselling or advisory situations. There are seven lessons in this course:
1. Stress
2. Abnormal Behaviour
3. Individual Behaviour
4. Group Behaviour
5. Methods of Dealing with Abnormalities
6. Conflict Resolution
7. Interpersonal Communication Skills

Module 3.  Stress Management
Anxiety, tension and mental and emotional strain are common problems in modern society. This course introduces you to some practical approaches to combating stress. It covers the following topics:
1. Body changes caused by stress.
2. Developing an easy going lifestyle.
3. Pills and alcohol abuse.
4. Building self esteem.
5. Career management and achieving work satisfaction.
6. Security and Decision Making.
7. Relaxation massage, meditation and diet.
8. Evaluating and developing your own personality.

Module 4.  Life Coaching
This course is aimed at students with experience or training in health, counselling, social work, natural therapies etc. It will develop your skills in setting and achieving goals, for yourself or for those who seek your assistance. There are ten lessons:
1. Introduction: Nature and scope of life coaching
2. Individual perceptions
3. A well-balanced life
4. Coaching skills
5. Coaching models
6. Coaching and physical well-being
7. Coaching and psychological well-being
8. Coaching success
9. Goal-setting
10. Review and adjustment

Module 5  Biopsychology I
Biopsychology studies the interaction between psychology and the physical body. It would beneft
anyone working in fields of fitness or health, and most areas of psychology.
1. Introduction - Types of external and internal stimuli, mind-body debate, introduction to the nervous system.
2. The Senses - Sensory input, sensory perception, description of the major senses.
3. The Nervous System - Description of the neurons, the central nervous system, peripheral nervous
system, including the autonomic nervous system.
4. The Endocrine System - Effect of hormones behaviour and physiology, association of endocrine
system and nervous system, connection between external and internal stimuli.
5. Stress- Types of stressors, physical affects of stress, personality and stress.
6. Emotions - Homeostasis, eating disorders, physiological responses to emotions, theories of
emotion.
7. Consciousness - Degrees of consciousness, awareness and attention, altered states of
consciousness.

Module 6.   Choose any 1 module from the following :

• Counselling Skills 1
• Crisis Counselling
• Counselling Techniques
• Grief Counselling
• Professional Practice in Counselling

Click here for detailed outlines for the above modules.

Some Sample Course Notes from our Psychology and Counselling Course

DEFENCE MECHANISMS

Repression

Memories that cause anxiety are kept out of our conscious awareness as a means of protecting ourselves. This is also called motivated forgetting. This involves repressing the chaotic desires of the id into the unconscious realm. Often these repressed desires will still find expression in dreams, slips of the tongue or psychopathological symptoms.

Displacement

This involves displacement of a disturbing emotion such as anger, from one person to another. Displacement reduces anxiety produced by the unacceptable wish, but at the same time it partially gratifies that wish. The basic emotion of irrational anger toward a parent (for example) cannot be removed. The individual will instead direct this anger toward another less important, less threatening person.

Rationalisation

This is when we pretend to have a socially acceptable reason for a form of behaviour that is actually rooted in irrational feelings.

Example: A person is angry with their mother and wants to avoid her. They then give a false reason for not going to visit her (eg. It is too far away).

Projection

This is a particular form of rationalisation. It involves projecting our own undesirable characteristics onto someone else.

Example: You feel an irrational hatred toward someone else, and then you go around telling people that the person concerned hates you.

Reaction-Formulation

This involves unconsciously covering up what you really feel by behaving in the opposite manner, without realising it.

Example: A woman, who could not obtain an abortion, might harbour a lot of hatred towards her child, and unconsciously still want to get rid of it. Instead she behaves lovingly and over protective to the child, to an excessive degree.

Intellectualisation

This involves detaching ones self from deep emotions about an issue, by dealing with it in abstract and intellectual terms.

Denial

This involves simply denying that a situation or emotion is real (simple but extreme!)

This is a defence most frequently employed by a person who has lost a loved one -they go through a period of refusing to believe that it is true.

Sublimation

This involves establishing a secondary socially acceptable goal that can be satisfied; instead of satisfying the primary (original) goal.

Example: An excessively aggressive person might satisfy their desire to kill by joining the army where it can be socially acceptable to kill.

Defence mechanisms all play the role of distorting reality to a greater or lesser degree, in order to get rid of anxiety producing feelings. Nevertheless, they are necessary to keep our psyches from being overloaded with the id's irrational feelings. They can however be over used by certain individuals so that reality becomes distorted to an unhealthy degree.

The use of defence mechanisms is inevitable and necessary; however an individual can rely on them too much; resulting in personality problems.

Healthier ways of coping with stress include relaxation exercises or meditation.